01
Morning workshop
2 assigned to B
U0211
U0410
U0111
U0312
FIXED COUNTS WITHIN EVERY BLOCK
2 assigned to B
2 assigned to B
2 assigned to B
Unit IDs are labels, not identities. Each row must represent the actual unit of randomization. This design is not suitable for analyzing individual rows when entire clusters were assigned together.
BEFORE THE COMPARISON
Built for learning and transparent small studies—not clinical, regulatory or high-stakes decisions. No result proves representativeness or checks interference. See the design-based foundations and random-permutation testing principles.